{"id":341,"date":"2025-06-27T06:19:43","date_gmt":"2025-06-27T06:19:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/192.168.1.88\/?page_id=341"},"modified":"2026-02-25T14:10:51","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T14:10:51","slug":"content","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/research-papers.unwe.bg\/en\/content\/","title":{"rendered":"Content"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"341\" class=\"elementor elementor-341\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3078621 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3078621\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4e9c22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"f4e9c22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2560\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2560\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 2024 - Vol.1 <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2560\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d0b81f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3d0b81f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2560\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9964e24 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9964e24\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a89522a elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"a89522a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1760\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1760\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0433\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f (\u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f) <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2560 e-n-accordion-item-1760\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04e9445 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"04e9445\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2560 e-n-accordion-item-1760\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d61c60 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0d61c60\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0719535 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0719535\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-6\"><article><h3 class=\"article-title\">\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0433\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f (\u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f)<\/h3><h4 class=\"article-authors\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440:\u00a0\u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0422\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/h4><h3 class=\"article-title\">A Paradigmatic Transition in the General Economic Theory (for the Conditions of Bulgaria)<\/h3><h4 class=\"article-authors\">Vasil Todorov<\/h4><div class=\"abstract\"><h3>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435<\/h3><p>\u041e\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044f\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434: \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u043d\u0435\u044f. \u0422\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438, \u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u044a\u043d \u0442\u044f\u0445, \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0412 \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442: \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0433\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430. \u0422\u043e\u0439 \u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442 (\u0421\u0410\u0429, \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f) \u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 (\u0432 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0438\u044f, \u0410\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f). \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0435 \u201e\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c\u201c: \u0437\u0430\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f (\u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0430) \u0441 \u043f\u043b\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u0449\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430).<\/p><p><b>Abstract<\/b><\/p><p>From the criticisms and discussions lasting decades, and from the correlation of the theory with the reality, a conclusion follows: the neoliberal neoclassical is at variance with the reality, it is inadequate to it. This is increasingly being realized, not only in academia, but also outside of it, and as a result, there is a large-scale loss of confidence in neoliberal neoclassicism and its qualities as a theory for the real economy. In this context, it is necessary to make a paradigm shift in general economic theory, to a new paradigm that will limit or overcome the dominance of the neoliberal neoclassical paradigm. The transition begins. It is less pronounced in the Anglo-Saxon world (USA, Great Britain) and more noticeable in Continental Europe (in Germany, France, Russia, Austria). The key word in it is \u201epluralism\u201c: replacing the monopolistic dominance of one theory (neoliberal neoclassicism) with a pluralistic body of knowledge (in which neoclassicism will also participate).<\/p><p><b>JEL:<\/b>\u00a0B50<b><\/b><\/p><\/div><div class=\"keywords\"><h3>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0438<\/h3><p>\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0433\u043c\u0430, paradigm, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0433\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0430, paradigmatic transition, neoliberal neoclassics, general economic theory<\/p><\/div><\/article><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac33da1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"ac33da1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/research-papers.unwe.bg\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/RP.2024.1.01.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u0421\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1761\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1761\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \u0421\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 65 \u201e\u0417\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u201c \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2560 e-n-accordion-item-1761\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2efaf90 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2efaf90\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2560 e-n-accordion-item-1761\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dffe27d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dffe27d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c5b0615 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c5b0615\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-6\"><article><h3 class=\"article-title\">\u0421\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 65 \u201e\u0417\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u201c \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/h3><h4 class=\"article-authors\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440:\u00a0\u0422\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440 \u0422\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/h4><h3 class=\"article-title\">Condition and Needs of Employed Persons\u2019 Digital Skills in Sector 65 \u201cInsurance, Reinsurance and Supplementary Pension Funding\u201d of the Bulgarian Economy<\/h3><h4 class=\"article-authors\">Todor Todorov<\/h4><div class=\"abstract\"><h3>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435<\/h3><p>\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0438 \u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 65 \u201e\u0417\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u201c \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0441 \u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430. \u0418\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0430\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044a\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0449\u0435. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043d \u0430\u043a\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440. \u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044a\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440. \u041d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438, \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u044a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0441\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044a\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441 \u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u044a\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440.<\/p><p><b>Abstract<\/b><\/p><p>The study aims to analyse and identify the needs for the development of digital skills necessary for the employed persons in sector 65 \u201cInsurance, reinsurance and supplementary pension funding\u201d of the Bulgarian economy, in view of the evolution of digital technologies. An overview of the state of the sector in Bulgaria is made and the expectations for its development, in the context of digitalisation, is outlined. Current and expected future digital skills needs and related occupation shortages at sectoral level are identified. A serious emphasis is placed on the strategic priorities related to the digitisation of the studied sector. Sectoral strategies for addressing shortages in occupations requiring digital skills are outlined. Attention is paid to the role of vocational education and training in improving the digital skills of the workforce, as well as to the resource provision of the digitisation process in the studied sector. The strengths and weaknesses in relation to the state of digital skills, as well as the opportunities and threats related to the development needs of these skills in the sector, is analysed. Conclusions and recommendations are formulated regarding the regulatory framework and education and training systems, with a view to providing the required digital skills in the studied sector.<\/p><p class=\"Pa22\"><b>JEL:<\/b>\u00a0J24<\/p><\/div><div class=\"keywords\"><h3>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0438<\/h3><p>\u0427\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438, \u0417\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, digital skills, human resources, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u043f\u044a\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435, insurance, reinsurance, supplementary pension funding<\/p><\/div><\/article><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb7d334 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"bb7d334\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/research-papers.unwe.bg\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/RP.2024.1.02.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u0421\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1762\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1762\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 DigComp \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2560 e-n-accordion-item-1762\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a955310 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a955310\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2560 e-n-accordion-item-1762\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06aa901 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"06aa901\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f9be56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f9be56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-md-6\"><article><h3 class=\"article-title\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 DigComp \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h3><h4 class=\"article-authors\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440:\u00a0\u0418\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/h4><h3 class=\"article-title\">The implementation of DigComp (European Digital Skills Framework) for digital competence assessment and evaluation<\/h3><h4 class=\"article-authors\">Irina Danailova<\/h4><div class=\"abstract\"><h3>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435<\/h3><p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u0431\u044a\u0440\u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (DigComp). \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 (\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 DigComp 2.1), \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0439. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0430 14 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u043c, \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0449\u0435 \u0431\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0432\u044a\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438.<\/p><h3><b>Abstract<\/b><\/h3><p>Digitalisation challenges the need for new digital skills and it is important that both employers and employees have a tool that facilitates adaptability and quick response. The specificity of the European market implies a unified approach and therefore the European Commission initiated and supports the development of the European Framework for Digital Skills (DigComp). The aim of presented scientific study is to describe practical aspects and results of methodology (according to DigComp) for testing of employers` digital skills and to suggest ways that it can be incorporated.<\/p><p><b>JEL:<\/b>\u00a0A2, J0, I0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"keywords\"><h3>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0438<\/h3><p>\u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, digital skills, \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, digital skills testing, DigComp<\/p><\/div><\/article><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be33c84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"be33c84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/research-papers.unwe.bg\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/RP.2024.3.03.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u0421\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8664cd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8664cd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/unwe-research-papers.org\/bg\/journalissues\/archive\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-476ebba elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"476ebba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\r\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\r\n  document.querySelectorAll(\".e-n-accordion-item[open]\").forEach(function(details) {\r\n    details.removeAttribute(\"open\");\r\n  });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2024 &#8211; Vol.1 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0433\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f (\u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f) \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0433\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f (\u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f) \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440:\u00a0\u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b \u0422\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 A Paradigmatic Transition in the General Economic Theory (for the Conditions of Bulgaria) Vasil Todorov \u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435 \u041e\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0449\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u044a\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044f\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-341","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research-papers.unwe.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/341","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research-papers.unwe.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research-papers.unwe.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research-papers.unwe.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research-papers.unwe.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=341"}],"version-history":[{"count":52,"href":"https:\/\/research-papers.unwe.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/341\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":574,"href":"https:\/\/research-papers.unwe.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/341\/revisions\/574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research-papers.unwe.bg\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}